Faced with key scaling challenges, DRAM and NAND industry, two important technological pillars of modern electronics, are going through some significant evolution. While the industry is trying to extend the scaling capability of existing technologies, new and emerging memory technologies are being proposed. According to one research1, DRAM industry has been maintaining 33% of compound annual growth rate measured in terms of cost per Gbit improvement (reduction). Since the industry has introduced 20 nm products in 2012, however, the prospect of keeping the same trend in the coming years is in question. There are some speculations that the improvement rate may be reduced to 20% range. For DRAM, it is all about maintaining the storage capacitance with ever decreasing cell
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